THE BOOK OF SAND Essays - Jorge Luis Borges, Macedonio Fernndez

THE BOOK OF SAND JORGE LUIS BORGES THE BOOK OF SAND Class: Spanish IIA Date: April 1, 1993 Spanish IIA Jorge Luis Borges is a famous Spanish author, known best for his short stories. In this paper, I will discuss several short stories written by Mr. Borges, what influenced him in his writings, and a brief history of his place of origin, Argentina. Borges' The Book of Sand is the story of a man who is visited by a stranger trying to sell a "holy book" called the Book of Sand. The narrator looks at the book and is unable to see the first or last pages of it because, as the stranger explains, the number of pages is infinite. The narrator is fascinated by the book and buys it, only to become obsessed with it, until the point that it is all he thinks about. He eventually gets rid of it by mixing it up in a pile of many other books in his basement. As will be discussed in this paper, Borges wrote philosophy in a lot of his works. In The Book of Sand, infinity is depicted in the form of a myst erious book. It symbolizes man's constant search for the world's existence. Borges is saying that it is an endless search and therefore pointless. The Other is the story of Borges sitting on a bench, as he feels as though he had lived that moment already. He begins to speak to the man seated besides him, and finds out the stranger has the same name, and the same address as he does. When Borges asks the man what year it is, the man answers 1918, even though it is 1969. It is then that the narrator figures out he is talking to the person whom he was fifty-one years earlier. He then tells "the other" him of the future, after which they part, knowing they will never meet like this again. This story deals with time. The author is very nostalgic and lives for his memories. It also is a philosophical story where Borges expresses his doubt that we all may "just be an image of a greater being". The Mirror and the Mask is the story of an Irish king who tells a poet to write a poem describing his power. The poet wrote a praise of his fighting success, and in reward for the excellent poem, the king gives the poet a beautiful mirror and tells him to write another poem. In reward for his next work, the king gives the poet a mask. The king then asks for a third poem and receives a one line poem of perfection and in return gives him an elaborate dagger. The poet feels it to be a sin to hear such perfection and so he stabs himself with the dagger. The king also feels he has done wrong and becomes a beggar in his own kingdom never to repeat the poem again. What Borges is saying in this story is that should not try to understand G-d because he is unable to comprehend Him. He claims that "man's quest for truth is an utterly vain task". Jorge Luis Borges was born August 24, 1899 to a financially comfortable family in Buenos Aires, Argentina. His father was a writer, a professor of psychology, and modern languages. He learned at home with a tutor until he was nine and began to lea rn English at home from his father, who always encouraged him to write. He came from a very literate family, and shared much cherished time with his father's books. Borges once said "for years I believed I had been brought up in a suburb of Buenos Aires, a suburb of dangerous streets and conspicuous sunsets. What is certain is that I was brought up in a garden, behind lanceolate iron railings, in a library of unlimited English books."(Here, he was referring to his father's library) He was also greatly influenced by published poets and writers who were friends of the family and often visited. In 1914, before World War I, Borges' family went to Europe where they traveled until the war was over. During these years of traveling,

The gatekeeping process includes selecting, writing, editing, placing, scheduling and ect. The WritePass Journal

The gatekeeping process includes selecting, writing, editing, placing, scheduling and ect. Introduction The gatekeeping process includes selecting, writing, editing, placing, scheduling and ect. IntroductionGatekeeping developmentExample of a strong gatekeepingExample of a weak gatekeepingConclusionBibliographyRelated Introduction Gatekeeping is managing the information through a process, which contain to move the information through gates or filters. The gatekeeping process includes selecting, writing, editing, placing, scheduling and ect. Moreover, there are different communication types such as dissemination, broadcasting, and the Internet. Gatekeeping theory establish in communication studies, journalism, political science, and sociology fields. Every person can practice gatekeeping Individually in daily life for example, the information you post in the blog or the email you send. Talking about broadcasting gatekeeping, the broadcast TV channels that are available free on air for the consumers the television has no main gate in this case where the consumer is free to watch any channel. However, the in the pay TV case the television receiver is the main gate. Thus, the gatekeeping is the pay TV where there is an access to the programs. â€Å"The clear differences between Pay-TV and free-to-air TV may become blurred with the introduction of hybrid television receivers that have both digital broadcast and broadband connections†. Referring to the previous gatekeeping TV example that shows the controls of machine and how is the gate keeping is not one-way process. Another example of gatekeeping is the journalist in term of choosing the news that will be published in the newspaper, or which photo will be in the cover page of a magazine. Moreover, gatekeeping includes many types such as venture capital firms, exhibition and museum curators, journal and magazine editorial committees, and others. Gatekeeping has known as the most easily reached theories as well as the most continuing research in mass communication. Throw the gatekeeping theory the professionals of the journalist role can been seen as their ideas which means, â€Å"core belief systems of journalists†. Gatekeeping development Within contributing in the mass communication theory. The first use of   â€Å"gatekeeping† term was in 1947 by Kurt Lewin, psychologist. His studies focused on how a person behavior changed when they are connected with a group of people. The conclusions from his studies is the two points below: 1. â€Å"The â€Å"unfreeze – change – refreeze† approach used by parents and managers to modify behavior of their charges.† 2. â€Å"The theory of gatekeeping.† Followed by, the first publication was a theory of gatekeeping, which â€Å"describe a wife or mother as the person who decides which foods end up on the familys dinner table†. His example was to demonstrate how one person could change a population’s food habit. During the period (1917- 1993) David Manning White studies with Lewin the mass communication research. White has been working on the editorial copy of The Peoria Star in 1947, he also worked as a wire editor to the newspaper by choosing the published stories. Following, â€Å"Lewin’s theory posited in the 1947 Social Forces article; the result was what Journalism Quarterly called â€Å"one of the first studies of its kind in gatekeeping†. The main objective of theory is to understand the positive and the negative services that the gates contain. As a result of the succeeding of gatekeeping theory, the researchers worked in improving the previously theory. Realizing that gatekeepers control the knowledge of a community and that by passing or keeping the information from or to the community.   Afterward, different direction has been taken in1970s by McCombs and Shaw where they looked to the effects of the gatekeeping. The individual elements of the gatekeeping theory model â€Å"the channel, the message, the (internal and external) forces on the gatekeeper, the gatekeeper as an individual or as a group, and the feedback†. Recently the gatekeeping theory researches keep on improving as the Internet arrived as a mass communication resource. The studies demonstrate four news gates, which are the news organization, the economic, and the newsgathering technology. Abbreviation, the process of gatekeeping study has included facts and knowledge and give the applicability of news influence model. Example of a strong gatekeeping The gatekeepers have not been disappearance but actually it has been changed with a new type of gatekeeping. Talking about gatekeeping and how it is strong an example of it is in the new media. â€Å"YouTube and the other video sharing services have their own gatekeeping rules about what can go on the site, how it can be shared, how it makes it to the front page, etc†. The videos lovers and popularity is rising to the top and that because of an alternative part of gatekeeping that the social networks serve. Example of a weak gatekeeping What if there were no gatekeeping in the media? â€Å" With most of the gatekeepers’ influence gone, so it gets harder and harder to tell who is for real and who isn’t,† says, Tim Berry a blogger. In the beginning of the media starting publishing your books or articles you need to convince editors, which needs an experience in dealing with gatekeepers. With the new media were there are no gatekeeping or less gatekeeping there we   â€Å"see smart hard-working people rising fast without having to wait for grey hair and gatekeepers†. So people are getting money and making social media as their business, yet if their information and knowledge are real or not. Conclusion In summary, Gatekeeping is a process of how information moves from source to receiver. The gatekeeping studies is the process that forces operating on more than individuals levels, also the routine level play a important role in the decision of journalistic making. When gatekeepers possess have values such as transparency and honesty the result is targeted information, otherwise gatekeeping is used for personal gain. Bibliography Berry, Tim. â€Å"A New World of Experts without Gatekeepers.† Up and Running. N.p., 19 Jan. 2011. Web. 23 Apr. 2011. http://upandrunning.bplans.com/â€Å'/â€Å'/â€Å'/new-world-of-experts-without-gatekeepers/. Cassidy, William P. â€Å"Gatekeeping Similar for Online, Print Journalists.† Newspaper Research Journal 27.2 (2006): n. pag. PDF file. â€Å"Gatekeeping (communication).† Wikipedia. N.p., 22 Jan. 2010. Web. 15 Apr. 2011. http://en.wikipedia.org//_%28communication%29. Hynes’s, Aldon. â€Å"Social Network Media Gatekeeping.† Orient Lodge. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2011. orient-lodge.com//â€Å'. Looms, Peter Olaf. â€Å"Who Chooses the News? Gatekeeping and Digital Media.† Rthk. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Apr. 2011. rthk.org.hk//â€Å'_76_122659.html. Roberts, Chris. â€Å"Gatekeeping Theory: An Evolution.† Gatekeeping: n. pag. PDF file. -. â€Å"Gatekeeping theory: An evolution.† Gatekeeping : n. pag. PDF file. Shoemaker, Pamela J., and TIM P. Vod. Gatekeeping Theory. 2009. New York: Taylor Francis, 2009. Google Book Search. Web. 17 Apr. 2011. http://books.google.ae/?id=TpO994ZgubgCprintsec=frontcoverdq=Gatekeeping+Theorysource=blots=yYoClUb81-sig=eZteY633JuZ6x4rzi-JPH7TW9A8hl=arei=mMuiTZaVO4yJhQfj5oDxBAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=8ved=0CFoQ6AEwBw#v=onepageqf=false.

Training and development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Training and development - Essay Example The supervisors who are not a part of the HRD department have a definitive role to play within the midst of things. This is because these supervisors and managers must comprehend how they can bring in the much required value for the sake of the organization and what kind of initiatives they need to deploy to extract the best possible returns for it in the long run. The supervisors and managers therefore have a responsibility to look after the needs and aspirations of the employees who work under their aegis and are trying their utmost to give in the best, on a proactively consistent basis. The training realms within any organization remain significant in entirety because the training modules teach so much more than merely training the employees. They tell them the basics related with conducting their respective chores, tasks and undertakings. They also dictate the exact basis through which work processes get manifested in entirety. What is even more significant is an understanding th at the supervisors and managers play their necessary roles at inculcating the kind of training that is needed by the organization in essence. The HRD department is therefore dependent on the supervisors and managers but what is ambiguous is the fact that these supervisors and managers are not a part of this HRD philosophy at all. ... The training procedures are important to ascertain because these take into consideration the aspects of inculcating the true spirits of the organization on to the employees who remain significant during such undertakings. The supervisors and managers need to come out of their related realms to make sure that the employees are on track and are able to complete their jobs in a proper way. This is so needed because this will ensure complete smoothness amongst the employees as far as the work ethos are concerned, and the manner under which success can be achieved at the end of the day. Also the list of responsibilities within such understandings comprise of providing lectures and undertaking workshops which have a long term commitment with the employees, who will go out there and produce results for the organization that will be long standing and have a direct effect on the organization’s measures and ethos. The HRD philosophy is therefore an important barometer for knowing how th ings shape up within organizations and how the supervisors and employees will pay their due role within the thick of things. The supervisors and employees therefore devise ways and means through which their training procedures would be transferred to the employees in an unambiguous and most direct way. This would enable the employees to feel empowered and their work domains would be safely undertaken. The HRD department gets aligned with these supervisors and employees who are essentially not a part of the same, but are made to give in their best because the organizational values hold significance for them and this has a lot of bearing on the employees’ professional realms as well. The employees learn to remain motivated within their ranks

Micro & Macro economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Micro & Macro economics - Essay Example The response to the increase in APA is depicted in the figure below. The line is seen to shift leftwards and repositions the IS line such that the IS curve and the APE line continue intersecting at the original GDP line. Since the decrease in need for funding the APA is matched with an increase in the funding by the nation’s producers, hence the requirement for funding remains equal to the ASF supply. The present situation is APE This case is just opposite to the above case where there is decline in the funding supply (ASF). All decreases in the ASF includes a reduction in M x V in comparison to the price index (p). During the phase, the rates of interest would be rising, tracking the point of intersection of ASF and GDP lines as they move up across the IS line. The rates of interest would remain below its original level unless and until substantial concessions on costs are able to allow profitable operations at low prices which consequently compensate for the loss in output and unemployment. The fall in the supply of funds of the country (ASF) would trigger a dramatic rise in the interest level because producers would react to the fall in sales. This would be done by the price-output adjustment which involves deflation, output, employment, interest rates and profits, until the equality is restored among the ASF, APE and GDP lines. Output and employment are expected to continue declining unless and until prof its and prices rise to their original levels. The process will end with the fall in employment and output levels, rise of interest rates and thus unchanged outputs and profits (Ashby, â€Å"Case #5m – Money-and-Credit-Caused Recession†). The figure below would depict the cost push inflation. Due to a wide spread increase in the costs of production, the profit levels, employment levels and output levels would fall. This would be accompanied with the rise in the interest levels in the nation. The employment and output would continue to fall unless and until the negative economic profits can be eliminated completely and successfully. This would happen by allowing the reduction of output till the level that prices rise by the amount equal to the increase in cost (Ashby, â€Å"Case #5c - Cost-Push Inflation†). Growth problem in the economy can be explained in the diagram below. It is seen from the diagram that an increase in the output would be followed by an increas e in the rates of interest. Producers would immediately react to the low demand in the economy. The rates of interest would fall along with the employment and output levels until they reach their original positions. Since the initial fall would be compensated by an offsetting rise in price levels, they would be maintained at the original positions. After returning to the original position, the economy would suffer a shock which would push down the levels of output, employment and rates of interest below their original positions leaving the price levels at their unchanged positions (Ashby, â€Å"

Change Theory Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Change Theory - Assignment Example Some of those steps include; unfreezing, refreezing and changing. Based on the nature of change that needs implementation, I believe it is an ideal theory, which can enable the changes to be effectively implemented. Thus, to ensure that the new technique of reporting is effectively implemented with positive results, I settled for a participative leadership style to steer the team to embrace the change in question efficiently. The reason why this leadership style stood out from the rest in ensuring the said changes are implemented is because it is involves the whole team thus denoting a democratic notion whereby each member feels his/her opinions are respected. This style requires all the team members to participate actively in decision making by airing out their views, before the final decision is communicate by the participative leader (Burke, 2010). Therefore, this will tend to boost the morale of the team members in ensuring the new changes are successfully fully implemented since they will be part of the decision-making body. In addition, the participants will develop a sense of contentment since they will view the democratic nature of this leadership style being ideal as each and every opinion that they propose will be considered hence forming a portion of the final decision that will be implemented. That notwithstanding the participative leadership style will ensure a positive response to changes by the team members as they will not reject those changes since they are part of the team that came up with the decisions thus it will be their obligation to embrace them since it is their own making. Thus, this having been said it is prudent to say that the changes will be positively implemented successfully since it will be a common initiative of the whole team rather than an individual’s making (Burke, 2010). The Kurt Lewin theory of change is ideal in implementing this

Effect of Violent Television on Young People and Children

Effect of Violent Television on Young People and Children Violent Television Affect Children and Adolescent’s Behaviors INTRODUCTION According to Sujala S.Nair and P.E Thomas (2012)†Violent can be defined as something which is intended to hurt or kill or it can be just physical or emotional force and energy.†Television program has a big influence in our life. The violent act in the television program can be a powerful influence in the children and adolescent’s behavior. This is because children unable to distinguish violent act in television program is harmful for them. This may seriously cause the development of their childhood. Unfortunately, nowadays much of television program is include violent act. According to many studies report, violent cartoon television program will make children who under the age of 7 may imitate cartoon violence because they may not be able to tell the difference between fantasy and reality. As of 1990, the average of American child aged 2 to 5 years was watching television over 27 hours per week. This may cause the children watching the violent television program will influence them. This might not be bad if the children understood what they are watching. However, mostly children are unable to distinguish fact from fantasy in all the television program. In the minds of children thinks that television is a source of entirely factual information regarding how the world works. When they get older, they may know better. But the earliest and deepest impressions were put down when the child were saw the television as a factual sources of information about a world outside their homes where violence is a daily commonplace and the commission of violence is gener ally powerful, exciting, charismatic, and efficacious. Serious violent is mostly erupt at the moments of severe stress and it is precisely at such moment that adolescents and adults are most likely to their earliest, most visceral sense of what violent is and what its role is in society. Most of this sense will have come from television. Another background for children with aggressive behavior are beginning in the mid-1960s, psychologist Leonard Eron and colleagues followed a group of children they are eight years old then observing their behavior. The study, one of the most extensive ever done, would span three decades and uncover some of the strongest evidence that too much TV can harm children. Not only was there is a relationship between watching violent television program were more likely to be the ones identified by teachers and friends as a aggressive kids in school. When revisited at ages 18, researchers again found that the aggressive behavior is related to the early television viewing habits of the children. Finally, the 30 years old adults are related between aggressive behavior and TV viewing habits again observed. Actually, researchers reported proof that tied television viewing habits developed early in life to arrests for violent crimes. Be just like violence act have been seen on TV contributes to agg ression. Equivalent, non violent television program are containing messages of tolerance and cooperation can inspire pro-social. In addition, another one is about the person who studied the influence of television program by observing by 100 children. The children were separate into three groups. One was shown Batman and Superman cartoons then the second group is shown Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood. Then the last group are shown neutral program with neither violent or pro-social messages. Once again show that the relationship between violent act in TV program and aggressive behavior was apparent.The result show that the children exposed to the Batman and Superman cartoons were more likely to get into fights, play roughly, and break toys. On the other hand, children who watching Mr. Rogers’ Neighborhood tended toward positive behaviors and dislike classmates who watched the superhero cartoons. Furthermore, they were more likely to show sensitivity, offer help to teachers. play cooperatively and express concern about other children’s feelings. The problem is because of the acceleration rate of cases in violent TV influence children and adolescent’s behaviors such as violent crime. Television violence has the greatest potential for both short-term and long-term effect upon children. In light of all the situations where children are affected negatively by viewing violence, there is a need for a study of the effects of television violence on children. The effect of violent television program on children and adolescent’s behaviors is poorly understood. The objective of this research is to collect data for analysis and interpret the result that can know more in detail about the effect of violent act in television program on children and adolescent’s behaviors. Research Question 1. Do you think that violence act on television show will make children act violently  after watching it? Yes ( ) No ( ) 2. Do you think children can be protected against violence on TV? Yes ( ) No ( ) 3. Do you think that school violence is influenced by the television program? Yes ( ) No ( ) 4. Do you think restrict children watching TV can reduce children influence by violent television program? Yes ( ) No ( ) 5. Do you think violent on television is a problem? Yes ( ) No ( ) Literature Review Nowadays, television has become as a indispensable device in our daily life. Almost everyone has at least one set of television at home. Television has a big influence in our life especially for children. Violent act in the television program can be a powerful influence in the children and adolescent’s behavior. This is because children unable to distinguish violent act in television program is harmful for them. This may seriously cause the development of their childhood. Bandura (1965) claimed that children can learn new behavior in one or two ways. They would learn it by direct experiences through trial and error or by observing and imitating others social environment. Children who are emotional, behavioral, learning or impulse control problems may be more easily influence by violence television. Children watching violent television program can make them more aggressive. Furthermore, children also may leave fearful or make them less sensitive to real violence and its consequences after watching violent television program. The three potential harmful effects of expose to television violence are the learning of attitudes and behavior, desensitization are because of all the exposure to television violent. Therefore, children become desensitized to violence and perhaps a tendency develops on violence in their own lives to solve problems According to many studies report, violent cartoon television program will make children who under the age of 7 may imitate cartoon violence because they may not be able to tell the difference between fantasy and reality. Cartoon violence meant for a youthful audience as opposed to animated films for adults such as Heavy Metal are tend to involve minor acts of violence. Although many violent cartoon meant for youthful consumption contain comedic elements but some of the cartoons just portray the violence. Presence or absence of comedy during violence is important consideration when evaluating the effects if viewing cartoons on children or youth. Watching violent cartoon or any violent television program are affects children’s attitudes towards violence. If children watching too much of violent television program may affect the ways a person thinks and behaves later in life, even as an adolescent and adult. The effects may be long-lasting. Children who watching violence movies or any violence TV program at young age are more easily to become aggressiveness and criminal behavior at later years. According to a longitudinal study (Huesmann, 1986) have the a same sample of chidren were tested over a 22 year period. The researchers measured the television viewing habits and aggressive behavior at three different stage of age in time which is when the participants were 8, 19 and 30 years of age. The research are show the relationship between exposure to TV violence at age 8 and self-reported aggression at age 30. Therefore, children watching violent television program on the early childhood were significant predictor of the seriousness of criminal acts performed at about age 30. In conclusion, early childhood television habits are correlated positively with adult criminally independent of other likely causal factors. Methodology The focus of this preliminary of this research was primarily on analysis about the violence television program affect on children, adolescent and even adult. A detailed questionnaire was developed aimed at determining the effect of violence act in television program on children. Five question are used to determine predictor or impact variables. These are show in page ( ) . The first three questions asked about the children after watching violence television program can make them change to violence behavior even at older age and children can be protected against violent on TV or not. Moreover, the fourth question are asked about the restrict children watching violent TV program are the best choice to reduce cases of children, adolescent’s violence behavior. The fifth questions are asked about the thinking question as the violent on television program are the problem to children. The questionnaire are used the methods is internet surveys. While these methods is clearly the most cost effective and fastest methods of distributing a survey. References: Steven J.Kirsh( 2005). Cartoon violence and aggression in youth. Retrieved from: http://www.geneseo.edu/~kirsh/vita/AVB360.pdf Sujala S.Nair and P.E Thomas( 2012). A Thematic study on the cause and effects of Television Violence on Children. Retrieved from: http://www.ipedr.com/vol31/035-ICSSH%202012-S10050.pdf Slotsve, del Carmen, Sarver,and Watkins (2008) .Television Violence and Aggression. Retrieved from: http://swacj.org/swjcj/archives/5.1/4%20Slotsve.pdf

Bartleby, the Scrivener Essay

The nameless narrator of the story starts off by introducing Bartleby to the readers as â€Å"strange†: But I waive the biographies of all other scriveners for a few passages in the life of Bartleby, who was a scrivener the strangest I ever saw or heard of (Melville 546). Throughout the entire story, the lawyer will go through numerous thought processes where he tries to reflect and explain why Bartleby is the way that he is but the lawyer never succeeds. We see that the narrator judges Bartleby not based on his limited knowledge of him but exactly because he knows nothing of Bartleby. He is strange because the narrator has never met anyone quite like him – bizarre, unyielding and utterly devoid of human emotions. He tries to pre-empt any true understanding Bartleby by justifying this young man’s strange behavior to himself. Perhaps this is because of the frustration of many attempts to try and reach out to the pale scrivener that ended up dismissed by an answer of â€Å"I prefer not to do so†. In the end, he just lets everything go with a rumor and a prayer. In the narrator’s first encounter with Bartleby, he would describe his impression is that of a true gentleman. In his mind, the narrator would compare the new copyist-to-be to the two presently employed copyists, Turkey and Nippers. In direct contrast to the two very colorful and volatile individuals, Bartleby was something novel. He was quiet, neat, and for some reason, he is described in their first meeting as forlorn. In answer to my advertisement, a motionless young man one morning, stood upon my office threshold, the door being open, for it was summer. I can see that figure now–pallidly neat, pitiably respectable, incurably forlorn! It was Bartleby (Melville 549). That Bartleby should be â€Å"motionless† further indicates Bartleby’s remove from the sphere of common humanity–in contrast to the activity and emotions of the lawyer and his employees, Bartleby is still, lacking in vitality and emotion, thing-like. He is not a â€Å"who,† but rather a â€Å"what† left like a basket on the lawyer’s doorstep. His motionlessness and thing-like nature is reinforced by the passivity of the construction â€Å"it was Bartleby.† (Weinstock) Although Bartleby’s manner suggests unhappiness or discontent, he never actually expresses any emotion in the entire story (Napierkowski). This character trait was merely attributed to him by the lawyer. Perhaps the narrator associates happiness with excitement and emotional outbursts that were characteristic of Turkey and Nippers. Some commentaries seem to suggest this. Throughout the whole story, the narrator’s impressions of Bartleby would be very eclectic. At first, the lawyer was impressed with how Bartleby worked so quickly without being distracted. The boy would work long hours and never have any need for breaks even for dinner. At this point, there was no reason for alarm. Bartleby did as he was told without any complaints. He was like a mechanized copy machine in an era where people had to copy their own documents manually. This was very advantageous in the lawyer’s line of work. However, in time the lawyer would be anxious about the bleakness and inhumanness of how Bartleby did his work. He was bankrupt of any emotions – never smiling – never engaging in conversation with his co-workers. At first Bartleby did an extraordinary quantity of writing. As if long famishing for something to copy, he seemed to gorge himself on my documents. There was no pause for digestion. He ran a day and night line, copying by sun-light and by candle-light. I should have been quite delighted with his application, had be been cheerfully industrious. But he wrote on silently, palely, mechanically (Melville 550). The conflict would arise the first time Bartleby refuses to check the documents he made for errors. This came as a shock to the lawyer because he was always with the understanding that he was the employer and Bartleby was the employee and as such, Bartleby had to follow his every bidding with regards to his official duties. Apparently, for the old lawyer, this behavior was unheard of for employees in his line of work. I looked at him steadfastly. His face was leanly composed; his gray eye dimly calm. Not a wrinkle of agitation rippled him. Had there been the least uneasiness, anger, impatience or impertinence in his manner; in other words, had there been any thing ordinarily human about him, doubtless I should have violently dismissed him from the premises. But as it was, I should have as soon thought of turning my pale plaster-of-paris bust of Cicero out of doors. I stood gazing at him awhile, as he went on with his own writing, and then reseated myself at my desk. This is very strange, thought I (Melville 550). The narrator thought that any other time and with any other person, he would have been outraged. But Bartleby’s passivity and serenity caught him off guard. Again, he would describe Bartleby as someone who was not ordinary. From his first refusal, the lawyer has placed Bartleby outside the realm of human possibilities. By his own admission, our narrator, a man of â€Å"virtuous expediency,† has been â€Å"strangely disarmed,† â€Å"touched and disconcerted† (Davis 183). He was confused about what to do with this odd copyist. He decided to just let it go for the moment and let the other two employees work on the examination. Many of these refusals would follow. Bartleby’s disobedience had no hint of resistance or rebellion. His responses were given merely as a matter of fact and this left the lawyer â€Å"unmanned†. Also, these were not mere mechanical or automatic refusals. According to the lawyer, Bartleby seemed to thoughtfully consider the requests before turning them down. †¦ It seemed to me that while I had been addressing him, he carefully revolved every statement that I made; fully comprehended the meaning; could not gainsay the irresistible conclusion; but, at the same time, some paramount consideration prevailed with him to reply as he did (Melville 551). Bartleby apparently had no life outside the office. The only thing he knew was work and he never stopped working. They never saw him out of the office (until he was forced out) and they never asked him why. At this point in time, they were allowing the status quo to remain just as long as no real trouble would ensue. Some days passed, the scrivener being employed upon another lengthy work. His late remarkable conduct led me to regard his way narrowly. I observed that he never went to dinner; indeed that he never went any where. As yet I had never of my personal knowledge known him to be outside of my office. He was a perpetual sentry in the corner (Melville 551). There were several occasions when the lawyer would refer to Bartleby as property or valuable acquisition. As much as he wanted to get rid of the unexplainable employee, he was proving to be an asset. He was predictable, he worked very hard and he never had to stop. This dehumanization does not help him at all to understand the poor boy. This revealed the darker side of the narrator – the human side. As days passed on, I became considerably reconciled to Bartleby. His steadiness, his freedom from all dissipation, his incessant industry (except when he chose to throw himself into a standing revery behind his screen), his great stillness, his unalterableness of demeanor under all circumstances, made him a valuable acquisition (Melville 553). xxx It was rather weak in me I confess, but his manner on this occasion nettled me. Not only did there seem to lurk in it a certain disdain, but his perverseness seemed ungrateful, considering the undeniable good usage and indulgence he had received from me (Melville 555). This is another instance confirming the fact that Bartleby never went anywhere except the office. The lawyer discovered this later when he visited his office one Sunday when all other people were either at church or gathering for the recently concluded elections. He found that Bartleby was making his home in the same place where he worked. At this point, the lawyer felt sorry for Bartleby even if he was far from understanding this enigmatic fellow. Think of it. Of a Sunday, Wall-street is deserted as Petra; and every night of every day it is an emptiness. This building too, which of week-days hums with industry and life, at nightfall echoes with sheer vacancy, and all through Sunday is forlorn. And here Bartleby makes his home; sole spectator of a solitude which he has seen all populous–a sort of innocent and transformed Marius brooding among the ruins of Carthage! (Melville 553) After many other disagreements and stoic refusals, the lawyer would lose his patience with Bartleby and move his business to a different location, leaving Bartleby behind. Later on, Bartleby would turn out to be an inconvenience to the new tenants of the lawyer’s previous office. He would come to Bartleby’s rescue first with compassion by trying to explain to him that he had to leave and that he will be given employment somewhere else. Once again, the lawyer is frustrated by Bartleby’s stubbornness and disinterest in the otherwise attractive proposals of his former employer. The occupants of the office would have Bartleby arrested and locked up in jail. When the lawyer hears about this, he would immediately go to visit Bartleby. The lawyer then asks the jail personnel to be good to Bartleby because he is a good man no matter how strange he may be: The same day I received the note I went to the Tombs, or to speak more properly, the Halls of Justice. Seeking the right officer, I stated the purpose of my call, and was informed that the individual I described was indeed within. I then assured the functionary that Bartleby was a perfectly honest man, and greatly to be compassionated, however unaccountably eccentric (Melville 613). In describing Bartleby, the lawyer is actually revealing more of himself. He is revealing his biases and prejudices. He is revealing his materialism, pride and compassion. He reveals different aspects of his personality while Bartleby displays nothing at all. Some writers describe â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener† as a story wracked with Christian symbols and yet it falls short of Messianic value. Indeed, Melville’s story would seem to be a parody of the parable, as we see a self-professed â€Å"saved† Christian attempt the good deeds of the Biblical Samaritan but, ironically, still fall short of Christ’s â€Å"divine† injunction, spiritually hampered by his self-justifying, earthbound prudence. (Doloff 357). The lawyer was a good man who honestly wanted to help Bartleby. The was never unkind to Bartleby even in the times of his gravest impatience. However, it was his earthly prudence that kept bringing him back to rationalizing the situation in terms of how it would benefit him. His feelings for Bartleby undergo several changes in this short story. He would begin with curiosity, followed by amazement, then impatience, compassion, disgust, and finally friendship. This was a story about the limits of human understanding and compassion. That no matter how little the narrator truly knew about Bartleby, it was the fact that they were â€Å"sons of Adam† that created this instant connection and invokes true compassion. In the end, Bartleby was no longer a novelty or an object of fascination. The narrator would refer to him as a â€Å"friend†. Works Cited Melville, Herman. â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener.† Putnam’s monthly magazine of American literature, science and art Volume 2, Issue 11((Nov. 1853)): 546-550; 609-616. â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener.† Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 12 Jul 2006, 08:37 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 14 Aug 2006 . â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener, A Tale of Wall Street: Bartleby.† Short Stories for Students. Ed. Marie Rose Napierkowski. Vol. 3. Detroit: Gale, 1998. eNotes.com. January 2006. 14 August 2006. . Johnson, Claudia Durst. â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener.† Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. 2006. Grolier Online. 14 Aug. 2006 . Woodlief, Ann. â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener Web Study Text.† Virginia Commonwealth University. 15 Aug. 2006 . Jeffrey Andrew Weinstock, â€Å"Doing Justice to Bartleby,† ATQ (The American Transcendental Quarterly) 17.1 (2003), Questia, 14 Aug. 2006 . Steven Doloff, â€Å"The Prudent Samaritan: Melville’s â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener† as Parody of Christ’s Parable to the Lawyer,† Studies in Short Fiction 34.3 (1997): 357, Questia, 14 Aug. 2006 . Todd F. Davis, â€Å"The Narrator’s Dilemma in â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener†: The Excellently Illustrated Re-statement of a Problem,† Studies in Short Fiction 34.2 (1997): 183, Questia, 14 Aug. 2006 .

Earle Spencer Eulogy Essay

I stand before you today, the representative of a family in grief, in a country in mourning before a world in shock. We are all united not only in our desire to pay our respects to Diana but rather in our need to do so. For such was her extraordinary appeal that the tens of millions of people taking part in this service all over the world via television and radio who never actually met her, feel that they, too, lost someone close to them in the early hours of Sunday morning. It is a more remarkable tribute to Diana than I can ever hope to offer her today. Diana was the very essence of compassion, of duty, of style, of beauty. All over the world she was a symbol of selfless humanity, a standard-bearer for the rights of the truly downtrodden, a very British girl who — who transcended nationality, someone with a natural nobility who was classless, and who proved in the last year that she needed no royal title to continue to generate her particular brand of magic. Today is our chance to say â€Å"thank you† for the way you brightened our lives, even though God granted you but half a life. We will all feel cheated, always, that you were taken from us so young and yet we must learn to be grateful that you came along at all. Only now you are gone do we truly appreciate what we are now without and we want you to know that life without you is very, very difficult. We have all despaired at our loss over the past week and only the strength of the message you gave us through your years of giving has afforded us the strength to move forward. There is a temptation to rush to canonize your memory. There is no need to do so. You stand tall enough as a human being of unique qualities not to need to be seen as a saint. Indeed to sanctify your memory would be to miss out on the very core of your being, your wonderfully mischievous sense of humor with a laugh that bent you double, your joy for life transmitted wherever you took your smile, and the spar kle in those unforgettable eyes, your boundless energy which you could barely contain. But your greatest gift was your intuition, and it was a gift you used wisely. This is what underpinned all your other wonderful attributes. And if we look to analyze what it was about you that had such a wide appeal, we find it in your instinctive feel for what was really important in all our lives. Without your God-given sensitivity, we would be immersed in greater ignorance at the anguish of AIDS and HIV sufferers, the plight of the homeless, the isolation of lepers, the random destruction of land mines. Diana explained to me once that it was her innermost feelings of  suffering that made it possible for her to connect with her constituency of the rejected. And here we come to another truth about her. For all the status, the glamour, the applause, Diana remained throughout a very insecure person at heart, almost childlike in her desire to do good for others so she could release herself from deep feelings of unworthiness of which her eating disorders were merely a symptom. The world sensed this part of her character and cherished her for her vulnerability, whilst admiring her for her honesty. The last time I saw Diana was on July the first, her birthday, in London, when typically she was not taking time to celebrate her special day with friends but was guest of honor at a fund-raising charity evening. She sparkled of course, but I would rather cherish the days I spent with her in March when she came to visit me and my children in our home in South Africa. I am proud of the fact that apart from when she was on public display meeting President Mandela, we managed to contrive to stop the ever-present paparazzi from getting a single picture of her. That meant a lot to her. These were days I will always treasure. It was as if we had been transported back to our childhood, when we spent such an enormous amount of time together, the two youngest in the family. Fundamentally she hadn’t changed at all from the big sister who mothered me as a baby, fought with me at school, and endured those long train journeys between our parents’ homes with me at weekends. It is a tribute to her level-headedness and strength that despite the most bizarre life imaginable after her childhood, she remained intact, true to herself. There is no doubt that she was looking for a new direction in her life at this time. She talked endlessly of getting away from England, mainly because of the treatment that she received at the hands of the newspapers. I don’t think she ever understood why her genuinely good intentions were sneered at by the media, why there appeared to be a permanent quest on their behalf to bring her down. It is baffling. My own, and only, explanation is that genuine goodness is threatening to those at the opposite end of the moral spectrum. It is a point to remember that of all the ironies about Diana, perhaps the greatest was this: a girl given the name of the ancient goddess of hunting was, in the end, the most hunted person of the modern age. She would want us today to pledge ourselves to protecting her beloved boys, William and Harr y, from a similar fate. And I do this here, Diana, on your behalf. We will not allow them to  suffer the anguish that used regularly to drive you to tearful despair. And beyond that, on behalf of your mother and sisters, I pledge that we, your blood family, will do all we can to continue the imaginative and loving way in which you were steering these two exceptional young men, so that their souls are not simply immersed by duty and tradition but can sing openly as you planned. We fully respect the heritage into which they have both been born, and will always respect and encourage them in their royal role. But we, like you, recognize the need for them to experience as many different aspects of life as possible, to arm them spiritually and emotionally for the years ahead. I know you would have expected nothing less from us. William and Harry, we all care desperately for you today. We are all chewed up with sadness at the loss of a woman who wasn’t even our mother. How great your suffering is we cannot even imagine. I would like to end by thanking God for the small mercies He’s shown us at this dreadful time; for taking Diana at her most beautiful and radiant and when she had joy in her private life. Above all, we give thanks for the life of a woman I’m so proud to be able to call my sister: the unique, the complex, the extraordinary and irreplaceable Diana, whose beauty, both internal and external, will never be extinguished from our minds.

Film Analysis of Citizan Kane essays

Film Analysis of Citizan Kane essays Citizen Kane 1941, directed by Orson Welles, and composed by Bernard Herrmann, has been listed as one of the greatest films ever made. Although this was Bernard Herrmanns first film score, he definitely laid the cornerstone of greatness in this film of which his other works would soon join. A bit of noteworthy information that should be addressed about Bernard Herrmann is his scoring style in Citizen Kane, as aptly stated in Robert L. Carringers book, The Making of Citizen Kane. The classical Hollywood approach to film scoring during that time was represented in works by composers such as Max Steiner, Erich Wolfgang Korngold, and Miklos Rozsa. The main features they emphasized on was full symphonic scoring symbolic of late nineteenth century European romanticism, particularly Wagner, Mahler, Strauss, etc. What makes Bernard Herrmanns approach in Citizen Kane so special is his avoidance of using a full orchestra to score the music. He also employed unorthodox techniques such as smaller groupings of instruments that normally wouldnt be grouped together in an orchestra setting, which youll hear very frequently in the Leland flashback. His basic structure throughout the movie is a leitmotif. Only the opera sequences and the ending are scored for a full orchestra. The flashback from Citizen Kane I have decided to use is the Jed Leland flashback. The Jed Leland flashback gives the viewing audience a look at Charles Foster Kanes first wife Emily Norton and events leading up to the eventual marriage with Susan. The Jed Leland flashback begins with a close up shot of Mr. Thompson looking on at the Huntington Memorial Hospital tucked away underneath a large bridge. Right away as soon as the scene starts we are given a very strong but brief music score in the major. The tone stands out as the prominent feature, with the help of a lot of emphasis put on soft wind instrument i.e. flutes, clarinets etc. accom...

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The Taming Of The Shrew Notes Essay examples The Taming Of The Shrew Notes Essay examples The Taming of the Shrew Lecture Notes I. Introduction a. The Taming of the Shrew is one of Shakespeare’s earliest plays- written around the late 1580s or early 1590s b. Shrew is known for having amusingly combative protagonists engaged in a never-ending battle of wits. II. Type of Play a. Shrew is a comedy that satirizes courtship and __marriage, often through force. b. farce - a type of comedy that uses unlikely and exaggerated situations, disguised and mistaken identities, verbal- often vulgar- humor, and a _fast-paced plot. c. Today, many movies and TV situation comedies are farce. Cartoons and short films, such as the Three Stooges, use slapstick, a kind of action where there is a lot of violence, but no one actually gets hurt. d. YOUR TURN: What farcical films, sitcoms, or cartoons can you identify? What kind of comedy is found in them? III. Language a. puns- play on the multiples meaning of a word OR words that sound alike but have different meanings b. Verse i. tradition: Since the beginning of theatre, plays had been written in verse. ii. memorization: Verse is easier to memorize than ___prose because of the _rhythm. iii. Blank Verse- unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter 1. iambic = an unstressed followed by a stressed syllable 2. pentameter = 10 beats per line iv. Rhymed Verse or couplets 1. About 5.8% of the play is in rhymed verse c. prose - language with no rhythm or meter i. Form of language used by the common people in Shakespearean drama- simple language indicates a simple character or simple subject matter ii. Less than 22% of the play is in prose. d. YOUR TURN: Do you think language still reveals a person’s class or social status in the way it did in Shakespeare’s day? Explain your answer. IV. Plot Structure a. The action begins with the establishment of the status quo that is flawed in some way. i. Status quo b. A stranger enters who will challenge the status quo. The arrival of the stranger is the inciting incident. c. The complications act as the _rising action, including a variety of __deceptions, disguises, and errors in identification. d. The climax is the moment at which the nature of the resolution is revealed. e. The resolution is the establishment of a new and

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National Subsidiaries of Multinational Companies - Research Paper Example Global business is constantly evolving and competition across businesses has led to a surge in companies expanding across domestic borders. Multinational companies and their subsidiaries have become an increasingly important part of the global business landscape. How the business is conducted is dependent on the relationship between the headquarters of the MNC and its subsidiaries. Various factors affect this relationship and in turn, determine the ultimate positioning of power in the organization.  Organization structure affects communication patterns and information flows within the MNC. Organization structure facilitates control and improving structural fit with organization strategy serves to bring the goals of the subsidiaries and the MNC on par with each other.  The aim of the paper will be to show that national subsidiaries of multinational corporations are powerless and are totally dependent on their parent company or the host government. The paper starts with some inform ation on MNC-Subsidiary relationship and moves on to discuss the organization structure and the various control mechanisms that are required to ensure that goals of subsidiaries and the headquarters are in parity with the organizational goal. Centralization and decentralization in MNCs, and how it affects the level of control and decision making in the organization is discussed. Moreover, the paper discusses the effects of the language barrier, geographical distance, and human resource management practices on the headquarters-subsidiary relationship and sheds light on the level of autonomy in each situation. The choice of entry as an investment in foreign markets is explained and how the two choices affect the level of control exercised by the headquarters is discussed. The paper ends with a conclusion.

Evidence-Based Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Evidence-Based Practice - Essay Example EBP allows the practitioner to assess current and past research, clinical guidelines, and other information resources in order to identify relevant literature while differentiating between high-quality and low-quality findings. The practice of Evidence-Based Practice includes five fundamental steps. EBP utilises various methods to encourage, professionals and other decision-makers to critically analyse evidence that help them make right decision. Where EBP is applied, it encourages professionals to use the best evidence possible, i.e. the most appropriate information available. For example, in medicine, it is used to make clinical decisions for individual patients. " Evidence-based is one of the most used , and perhaps least understood adjective in heathcare toaday. It was previously applied almost exclusively in the term evidence based medicine , but happily terms such as 'evidence based practice' are becoming more widespread Nurses , the largest group of professionals , who provide health care , have been at the forefront in recognising the need to identify, evaluate & apply test practices to their clinical practice. (Craig J, Smyth R , Preface , page 14) What is the imporatnce of EBP Why the necessity for adoption of EBP arose Evidence-based practice is a philosophical approach that is in opposition to rules of thumb, folklore, and tradition. Examples of a reliance on "the way it was always done" can be found in almost every profession, even when those practices are contradicted by new and better information. " Evidence based practice has been described as 'doing the right things right', ( Murir Gray 1997, page 18 ) .we need the evidence base to know what is 'right' to do , .if we can get it right , evidence-based approach will help to improve people's experiences of illness and health care , and good established nursing practices already does". (Craig J, Smyth R, Page 4- The context for EBP ) The theories of evidence based practice are becoming more commonplace in the nursing care. Nurses who are "baccalaureate prepared are expected to seek out and collaborate with other types of nurses to demonstrate the positives of a practice that is based on evidence. "Looking at a few types of articles to examine how this type of practice has influenced the standard of care is important but rarely internally valid. None of the articles specify what their biases are. Evidence based practice has gotten its reputation by examining the reasons why any and all procedures, treatments, and medicines are given. This is important for refining practice so the goal of assuring patient safety is met.(Duffy P, Fisher C, Munroe D) Evidence-based practice is defined in medicine as 'the integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values'(Itzia J, Wood N.) Another author(Ailinger RL,